Liberalism and radicalism in Romania Totally Explained

Everything about Liberalism And Radicalism In Romania totally explained

This article gives an overview of Liberalism and Radicalism in Romania. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in this scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary for a party to have actually labeled itself as a liberal party.

Introduction

Liberalism has always during democratic periods been of the major forces in Romania, mainly organized in the National Liberal Party. Often there were spin-offs of this party. At the moment the National Liberal Party (Partidul Naţional Liberal, member LI, ELDR) is a right-wing liberal party.

The timeline

Precursors

1822: Ionică Tăutu, representing a group of low-ranking boyars in Moldavia, proposed a constitutional project with republican and liberal principles
1834: Ion Câmpineanu leads the liberal opposition to Russian influence in Wallachia's National Assembly
1840: Mitică Filipescu led a radical, carbonari-inspired conspiracy in Wallachia
1840: Mihail Kogălniceanu published the short-lived Dacia Literară, a Romantic nationalist and liberal magazine, engendering a literary society
1843: Nicolae Bălcescu and others led the Frăţia radical conspiracy in Wallachia
1845: Radical students from both Wallachia and Moldavia founded Societatea Studenţilor Români (the "Society of Romanian Students") in Paris
1848: The unsuccessful Moldavian revolution, during which Moldavian liberals issued a Petition-Proclamation
1848: The liberal-minded Blaj Assemblies in Transylvania, in the context of revolutions inside the Austrian Empire
1848: The Wallachian revolution - liberals formed a Provisional Government in Bucharest, and were divided over the issue of land reform, with a radical current forming around Bălcescu
1856: The liberal current formed the majority in Partida Naţională, a loose group supporting the union of the Danubian Principalities
1859: After the union, liberals formed a distinct faction in the Parliament of Romania
1864: Domnitor Alexander John Cuza established a personal regime, in order to pass liberal legislation against mounting opposition
1866: Mainstream liberals supported Cuza's removal from the throne; a faction of the liberal current opposed to the new constitution formed the Moldavian-based Fracţiunea liberă şi independentă, influenced by Simion Bărnuţiu and led by Nicolae Ionescu

National Liberal Party

1875: The liberal current organised itself in the National Liberal Party (Partidul Naţional-Liberal), led by Ion Brătianu

1884: A faction formed the Radical Party, led by C.A. Rosetti and George Panu

1899: The National Liberal Party absorbs the right-wing of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party

1918: The Peasants' Party absorbs a left-wing tendency in the National Liberal Party formed around Constantin Stere

1929: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Brătianu

1931: A faction formed the Liberal Democratic Party, which remained unsuccessful. The same year a majority of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party

1938: The rest of the Brătianu party returned in the National Liberal Party

1938: The party is banned by King Carol II

1944: The party resumed its activities

1944: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Tătărescu

1947: The party is banned by the communist regime

1990: The party is refounded by Radu Câmpeanu

1990: A youth faction of the National Liberal Party formed the ⇒ Liberal Party Youth Wing

1991: A faction formed the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention

1995: The ⇒ Liberal party 1993 merged into the National Liberal Party, the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu seceded from the party

1998: The party absorbed the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party

2002: The Alliance for Romania (Alianţa pentru România) merged into the National Liberal Party

2003: The Union of Right-Wing Forces (Uniunea Forţelor de Dreapta) and the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu merged into the party

National Liberal Party-Brătianu

1929: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Brătianu (Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Brătianu)

1931: Most of the party returned to the National Liberal Party

1938: The party reunited with the National Liberal Party

National Liberal Party-Tătărescu

1944: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Tătărescu (Partidul Naţional-Liberal (Tătărescu))

1945: The party ran in elections with the Romanian Communist Party

1947: The party is banned by the communist regime

From National Liberal Party Youth Wing to Liberal Party 1993

1990: A youth faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party Youth Wing (Partidul Naţional-Liberal Aripa Tînără)

1992: The party was renamed Liberal Party (Partidul Liberal), led by Horia Rusu

1993: The Liberal Party merged with the ⇒ National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention and the Group for Moral and Political Reforms into the Liberal Party 1993 (Partidul Liberal 1993), joined by a faction of the ⇒ Civic Alliance Party

1995: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party

Civic Alliance Party

1991: A section of the Civic Alliance non-governmental organization established the Civic Alliance Party (Partidul Alianţa Civică), led by Nicolae Manolescu

1993: A faction joined the ⇒ Liberal Party 1993

1998: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party

National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention

1991: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Convenţia Democrată)

1993: The party merged into the ⇒ Liberal Party 1993

National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu

1995: A faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu (Partidul Naţional-Liberal-Câmpeanu)

2003: The party merged into the ⇒ National Liberal Party

PNL leaders

Ion Brătianu	1875–1891
Dumitru Brătianu	1891–1892
Dimitrie Sturdza	1892–1908
Ion I. C. Brătianu	1908–1927
Vintilă Brătianu	1927–1930
Ion Duca	1930–1933
Dinu Brătianu	1933–1948
none	1948–1990
Radu Câmpeanu	1990–1993
Mircea Ionescu Quintus	1993–2001
Theodor Stolojan	2001–2004
Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu	2004–

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